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نویسندگان
چکیده
Welcome to issue 49 of Research Notes, our quarterly publication reporting on matters relating to research, test development and validation within University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations (Cambridge ESOL). The theme of this issue is performance testing, largely focusing on written assessment. In the fi rst article, Helen Spillett outlines the revision of the Cambridge English: Profi ciency (CPE) Writing paper, part of the wider revision of the whole examination. Next, Gad S Lim outlines the development and validation of a mark scheme for General English and Business English exams, a process which took almost two years. Angela ff rench, Graeme Bridges and Joanna Beresford-Knox share with the reader the review and subsequent revision of the quality assurance process for Cambridge ESOL's 650 Writing examiners. The next pair of articles is based on Master's dissertations by our staff. Graham Seed explores perceptions of authenticity in test tasks designed to test academic writing in relation to Cambridge English exams, while Heidi Endres reports on her comparability study of computer-based and paper-based Cambridge English: Preliminary (PET) Writing tests. Lucy Chambers, Evelina Galaczi and Sue Gilbert then explore whether test takers' familiarity with each other aff ects their Speaking test performance in a paired Cambridge English: First (FCE) Speaking test. We are also pleased to publish a paper by Helen Donaghue and Jason Thompson of the Higher Colleges of Technology in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Donaghue and Thompson's paper discusses the implementation of Khalifa and Weir's 2009 socio-cognitive model of reading within a UAE context. This paper is followed by a report on the latest ALTE activities and forthcoming events. We end this issue by inviting you to complete a short reader survey, also available online at
منابع مشابه
Polymorphisms of TGFB1 and VEGF genes and survival of patients with gastric cancer
BACKGROUND Some TGFB1 and VEGF polymorphisms are believed to be functional. Given that these genes are involved in tumor growth and progression including angiogenesis, dissemination, and invasiveness, we hypothesized that these polymorphisms would be associated with survival in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS We genotyped TGFB1 -509 C>T, +1869 T>C, and +915 G>C and VEGF -1498T>C, -634G>...
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